Idivayisi iqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezinga lokushisa kusuka emthonjeni bese iliguqulela kufomu elingaqondwa ngamanye amadivaysi noma abantu.Isibonelo esihle kakhulu senzwa yokushisa i-thermometer yengilazi ye-mercury, eyanda futhi inkontileka njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha.Izinga lokushisa langaphandle liwumthombo wokulinganisa izinga lokushisa, futhi isibukeli sibheka indawo ye-mercury ukuze silinganise izinga lokushisa.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zezinzwa zokushisa:
· Inzwa yokuxhumana
Lolu hlobo lwenzwa ludinga ukuthintana okuqondile ngokomzimba nento ezwayo noma okuphakathi.Bangakwazi ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lokuqinile, uketshezi namagesi ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa.
· Inzwa engathinteki
Lolu hlobo lwenzwa aludingi ukuthintana ngokomzimba nento noma okuphakathi okutholwayo.Baqapha izinto eziqinile ezingabonisi kanye noketshezi, kodwa azinamsebenzi ngokumelene namagesi ngenxa yokubonakala kwazo kwemvelo.Lezi zinzwa zikala izinga lokushisa zisebenzisa umthetho we-Planck.Umthetho usebenza ngokushisa okukhishwa emthonjeni wokushisa ukukala izinga lokushisa.
Izimiso zokusebenza nezibonelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zeizinzwa lokushisa:
(i) Ama-Thermocouples - Ahlanganisa izintambo ezimbili (ngayodwa ye-alloy ehlukile ye-alloy noma insimbi) enza ijoyinti yokulinganisa ngokuxhuma ekugcineni okuvulekele isici esingaphansi kokuhlolwa.Enye ingxenye yocingo ixhunywe kudivayisi yokulinganisa, lapho kwakhiwa khona ukuhlangana kwereferensi.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lama-node amabili lihlukile, lamanje ligeleza kumjikelezo futhi ama-millivolts avelayo akalwa ukuze anqume izinga lokushisa le-node.
(ii) Ama-Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) – Lawa ama-thermal resistors akhiwe ukuze ashintshe ukumelana nezinga lokushisa njengoba izinga lokushisa lishintsha, futhi zibiza kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye imishini yokubona izinga lokushisa.
(iii)Ama-thermitors- zingolunye uhlobo lokumelana lapho izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphikiseni zilingana noma ziphikisana nezinguquko ezincane ekushiseni.
(2) Inzwa ye-infrared
Idivayisi ikhipha noma ithola imisebe ye-infrared ukuzwa izigaba ezithile endaweni.Ngokuvamile, imisebe eshisayo ikhishwa yizo zonke izinto ku-spectrum ye-infrared, futhi izinzwa ze-infrared zithola le misebe engabonakali ngeso lomuntu.
· Izinzuzo
Kulula ukuxhuma, kuyatholakala emakethe.
· Ukungalungi
Phazamiswa umsindo we-ambient, njengemisebe, ukukhanya kwe-ambient, njll.
Isebenza kanjani:
Umqondo oyisisekelo uwukusebenzisa ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya kwe-infrared ukuze ukhiphe ukukhanya kwe-infrared ezintweni.Enye i-infrared diode yohlobo olufanayo izosetshenziswa ukuthola amagagasi aboniswa izinto.
Uma isamukeli se-infrared sikhanya ukukhanya kwe-infrared, kuba nomehluko we-voltage ocingweni.Njengoba i-voltage ekhiqizwayo incane futhi kunzima ukuyibona, i-amplifier yokusebenza (op amp) isetshenziselwa ukuthola ngokunembile ama-voltage aphansi.
(3) Inzwa ye-Ultraviolet
Lezi zinzwa zikala ukushuba noma amandla esigameko sokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.Le misebe ye-electromagnetic inobude begagasi bude kune-X ray, kodwa isemfishane kunokukhanya okubonakalayo.Into esebenzayo ebizwa nge-polycrystalline diamond isetshenziselwa ukuzwa okuthembekile kwe-ultraviolet, ekwazi ukubona ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
Imibandela yokukhetha izinzwa ze-UV
· Ububanzi be-Wavelength obungatholwa inzwa ye-UV (i-nanometer)
· Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza
· Ukunemba
· Isisindo
· Ibanga lamandla
Isebenza kanjani:
Izinzwa ze-Uv zithola uhlobo olulodwa lwesiginali yamandla futhi zidlulisele uhlobo oluhlukile lwesiginali yamandla.
Ukuze ubheke futhi urekhode lezi zimpawu zokuphumayo, ziqondiswe kumitha kagesi.Ukuze ukhiqize imifanekiso nemibiko, isignali yokuphumayo idluliselwa kusiguquli se-analog-to-digital (ADC) bese kuba ikhompuyutha ngesofthiwe.
Izicelo:
Linganisa ingxenye ye-UV spectrum eshisa isikhumba
· Ikhemisi
· Izimoto
· Amarobhothi
· Ukwelashwa kwencibilika kanye nenqubo yokudaya embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya
Imboni yamakhemikhali yokukhiqiza, ukugcinwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwamakhemikhali
(4) Inzwa yokuthinta
Inzwa yokuthinta isebenza njenge-resistor eguquguqukayo kuye ngendawo yokuthinta.Umdwebo wenzwa yokuthinta esebenza njenge-resistor eguquguqukayo.
Inzwa yokuthinta iqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
· Izinto ezisebenza ngokugcwele, njengethusi
· Izinto zokuvikela isikhala, njengegwebu noma ipulasitiki
· Ingxenye yempahla yokufundisa
Isimiso nomsebenzi:
Ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ziphikisana nokugeleza kwamandla.Umgomo oyinhloko wezinzwa zokuma kwemigqa ukuthi uma ubude bezinto okufanele zidlule kuzo, kulapho ukugeleza kwamanje kubuyiselwa emuva.Ngenxa yalokho, ukumelana kwempahla kuyashintsha ngokushintsha indawo yayo yokuxhumana nezinto ezisebenza ngokugcwele.
Ngokuvamile, isofthiwe ixhunywe kwinzwa yokuthinta.Kulokhu, inkumbulo inikezwa isofthiwe.Lapho izinzwa zivaliwe, zingakhumbula “indawo othintana naye wokugcina.”Uma inzwa isicushiwe, bangakhumbula "indawo yokuqala yokuxhumana" futhi baqonde wonke amanani ahlotshaniswa nayo.Lesi senzo sifana nokuhambisa igundane nokulibeka kwelinye icala lephedi legundane ukuze uhambise ikhesa ekugcineni kwesikrini.
Faka isicelo
Izinzwa zokuthinta ziyabiza futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu
Ibhizinisi - ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuthengisa, ukufaneleka kanye nemidlalo
· Izinto zikagesi – ihhavini, iwasha/isomisi, umshini wokuwasha izitsha, isiqandisi
Ezokuthutha - Ukulawula okwenziwe lula phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwe-cockpit nabakhiqizi bezimoto
· Inzwa yezinga le-Liquid
I-Industrial automation - isikhundla kanye nokuzwa izinga, ukulawula ukuthinta okwenziwa ngesandla kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezizenzakalelayo
I-Consumer electronics - ihlinzeka ngamaleveli amasha okuzizwa nokulawula emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yabathengi
Izinzwa eziseduze zithola ubukhona bezinto ezingenawo amaphoyinti okuxhumana.Ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kwenzwa nento elinganiswayo, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezingxenye zemishini, lezi zinzwa zinempilo ende yesevisi nokuthembeka okuphezulu.Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinzwa eziseduze yizinzwa zokusondelana eziguquguqukayo, izinzwa ze-capacitive proximity, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic proximity, izinzwa ze-photoelectric, izinzwa ze-Hall effect nokunye.
Isebenza kanjani:
Inzwa ye-proximity ikhipha inkambu kazibuthe kagesi noma ye-electrostatic noma umsebe wemisebe kagesi (njenge-infrared) futhi ilinde isignali yokubuyisela noma ushintsho kunkambu, futhi into ezwayo ibizwa ngokuthi ithagethi yenzwa ye-proximity.
Izinzwa ze-inductive proximity - zine-oscillator njengokufaka okushintsha ukumelana nokulahlekelwa ngokusondela endaweni yokuqhuba.Lezi zinzwa yizona ezithandwayo zensimbi.
Izinzwa ze-Capacitive proximity - ziguqula izinguquko ku-electrostatic capacitance kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-electrode ebonayo kanye ne-electrode ephansi.Lokhu kwenzeka ngokusondela ezintweni eziseduze noshintsho ku-oscillation frequency.Ukuze kutholwe okuqondiwe okuseduze, i-oscillation frequency iguqulelwa ku-voltage ye-DC futhi iqhathaniswe nomkhawulo onqunywe kusengaphambili.Lezi zinzwa ziyinketho yokuqala yezinhloso zepulasitiki.
Faka isicelo
· Isetshenziswa kubunjiniyela bokuzenzakalela ukuchaza isimo sokusebenza semishini yobunjiniyela benqubo, amasistimu okukhiqiza kanye nemishini ezishintshayo
· Kusetshenziswa efasiteleni ukuze kusebenze isexwayiso lapho iwindi livulwa
· Isetshenziselwa ukuqapha kokudlidliza komshini ukubala umehluko webanga phakathi kwe-shaft ne-ayikelo esekelayo
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-03-2023